Minggu, 23 Oktober 2016
Principles of Language Assesment
Five principles of language assessment
1. PRACTICALITY
Practicality is a practical test
• Is not excessively expensive
• Stay within appropriate time constraints
• Is relatively easy to administer, nd
• Has a scoring/ evaluation procedure that is specific and time efficient.
2. RELIABILITY
A reliable test is consistent and dependable. The issue of reliability of a test be addressed by considering a number of factors that may contribute to the unreliability of a test.
Consider following possibilities: fluctuations
• In the student (Student-Related Reliability)
• In scoring (Rater Reliability)
• In test administration (Test Administration Reliability)
• In the test (Test Reliability) itself
3. VALIDITY
Arguably, validity is the most important principle. The extend to which the assessment requires students to perform tasks that were included in the previous classroom lessons.
Five types of evidence below :
• Content validity
• Criterion-related Validity
• Construct Validity
• Consequential Validity
• Face Validity
4. AUTHENTICITY
In an authentic test
• The language is as natural as possible
• Items are as contextualized as possible
• Topics and situations are interesting, enjoyable, and/or humorous
• Some thematic organization, such as through a story line or episode is provided
• Tasks represent real-world tasks.
5. WASHBACK
Wash back includes the effects of an assessment on teaching and learning prior to the assessment itself, that is on preparation for the assessment.
• Informal performance assessment is by nature more likely to have built-in wash back effects because the teacher is usually providing interactive feedback.
• Formal tests can also have positive wash back, but they provide no wash back, if the students receive a simple letter grade or a single overall numerical score.
• Classroom test should serve as learning devices through which wash back is achieved.
• Students’ incorrect responses can become windows of insight into further work.
• Their correct responses need to be praised, especially when they represent accomplishments in a student’s interlanguage.
• Wash back enhances a number of basic principles of language acquisition : intrinsic motivation, autonomy, self confidence, language ego, interlanguage, and strategic investment, among others.
• One way to enhance wash back is to comment generously and specifically on test performance.
• Wash back implies that students have ready access to the teacher to discuss the feedback and evaluation he has given.
• Teachers can raise the wash back potential by asking students to use test results as a guide to setting goals for their future effort.
from;
http://santripuryani.blogspot.co.id/2016/10/principles-of-language.html
